Learn Full Python Data Types

Python is one of the most popular programming languages in the world, largely due to its simplicity and versatility. One of the key features of Python is its support for various data types.

Understanding the different data types available in Python can be crucial for developing effective and efficient programs. In this article, we will explore the full range of Python data types, with examples to help you understand how to use them in your own programs.

1. Numbers

Numbers are one of the most fundamental data types in Python. There are three different types of numbers in Python:

• Integer: Integers are whole numbers, both positive and negative. They do not have a decimal point.
• Floating-point: Floating-point numbers, or floats, have a decimal point. They can represent both whole and fractional numbers.
• Complex: Complex numbers have a real part and an imaginary part. They are written in the form a + bj, where a and b are real numbers, and j represents the square root of -1.

Here are some examples of how to use numbers in Python:

# Integer
x = 10
y = -5

# Floating-point
pi = 3.14159
e = 2.71828

# Complex
z = 2 + 3j

2. Strings

Strings are used to represent text in Python. They are enclosed in either single quotes (‘…’) or double quotes (“…”). Here are some examples:

name = "John"
message = 'Hello, World!'

You can also use triple quotes (”’…”’) or (“””…”””) to create multi-line strings:

paragraph = """This is a multi-line
string that spans across
multiple lines."""

Strings in Python are immutable, which means that once they are created, their contents cannot be changed.

3. Lists

Lists are used to store collections of items in Python. They are ordered and mutable, which means that you can add, remove, or change items in a list. Here are some examples:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
mixed = [1, "apple", True, 3.14]

You can access individual items in a list using their index:

print(fruits[0])  # "apple"
print(numbers[3])  # 4

4. Tuples

Tuples are similar to lists, but they are immutable, which means that once they are created, their contents cannot be changed. They are often used to represent fixed collections of items, such as a person’s name and age. Here are some examples:

person = ("John", "Doe", 30)
coordinates = (2.5, 3.8)

You can access individual items in a tuple using their index, just like with a list.

print(person[1])  # "Doe"
print(coordinates[0])  # 2.5

5. Sets

A set is a collection of unique elements enclosed in curly braces {}. The elements in a set can be of any data type, and they are unordered. Once a set is created, you cannot change its items, but you can add or remove items from it. Here’s an example:

fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(fruits)

#Output:

{'banana', 'apple', 'cherry'}

6. Dictionaries

A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs enclosed in curly braces {}. The keys in a dictionary must be unique and immutable (i.e., they cannot be changed), while the values can be of any data type. You can access the values of a dictionary by their keys. Here’s an example:

person = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
print(person)

#Output

{'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}

You can also access the values of a dictionary using the get() method:

print(person.get("name"))

#Output

John